Energy efficient cross layer approach for Wireless Ad-hoc Network

Wireless Ad-hoc or Sensor Network has wide range of applications. Sometimes it is not possible to replace batteries of Ad-hoc or Sensor nodes in as network is deployed in inaccessible area. Resource constrained nodes run on batteries with limited capacity. For long running of the ad-hoc or sensor network, energy consumption on each node and lifetime of overall network is a concern for these applications. To prolong lifetime of networks, use of energy efficient method is necessary and also a challenging task. The major limiting factor of current nodes is the amount of battery. These batteries have a lifetime of few months in case of sensor network and few hours for ad-hoc networks in active workloads or about two years for sensor networks and 1-2 days for ad-hoc network in idle time. In order to design network that have extremely long lifetimes, we presents a cross layer scheme that achieves the prolonged lifetime of a network by controlling radio transmission power level and rebroadcast times of Route-Request (RREQ) during path discovery. This scheme does not introduce any control packet. At Network layer, energy is extracted from physical layer and according to this energy level decisions have been taken at network layer either to immediately forward the packets or with some delay or drop them if the battery level is very low. At MAC layer it reduces energy consumption during 4-way handshaking. Proposed method is more efficient compared to standard AODV method. This is the reason that proposed method increases prolong lifetime of the network by 11.38 % compared to standard AODV method.